Shingle



H. ABRAHAM 2,662,491

SHINGLE Filed Nov. 2l, 1951 www Patented Dec. 15, 1953 S HIN GLE Herbert.V Abraham, New York, N. Y., assigner to The RiibcroidV Co.,.New York, N. Y., a corporation of New Jersey Application November 21, 1951, Serial N o. 257,553'

5 Claims. 1V

This' invention relates to a shingle and more particularly a prepared roofing or asphalt shingle of the-type that may be laidin courses with other like shingles to effect either singleV orA double coverage.

By the term single coverage is meant a covering having only one thickness of roofing material at certain portionsof the roof surface, and by the term double coverage is meant a covering of at least two thicknesses of material at all portions ofthe surface.

One object of the invention is to provide a shingle that may be laid for either single or double coverage with a minimum of material.

A' further object ofthe invention is to provide a shingle ofthe character describedthat may be cut from a web or sheet ofv rooiing material with no waste.

A` still further'object of theinvention is toprovide a shingle that is selfalining when laid either for single or double coverage.

Another object is to provide a shingle that forms exposure patterns ofv attractive appearance when laid.

Still another object is'to provide shingles that may be applied, rwith only two fastening elements for each shingle so arranged that each shingle of the several courses is held by said fasteners at four points in the case where the shingles are' laid for double coverage and at six pointswh'ere they are laidvfor'single coverage.

In the accompanying drawings illustrating' the invention:

Figure l is av plan view of one formv of the shingle;

Figure 2 is a plan view of a' modified form of' the shingle;

Figure 3 is a plan view of a fragment of a sheet of roofing material showing'the manner in which the shingles are cut without waste Figure 4 is a plan view of an assembly of several shingles laid in courses to: effect a covering of single coverage;

Figure 5 is a similar plan view of the shingles laid to eiTect a covering of double coverage; and,

Figure 6 is a sectional view taken on the line 6-6 of Figure 4.

In my co-pending application Serial No. 251,589, I have shown and described an interlocking shingle that may be laid to effect either single or double coverage. The present invention relates specifically to shingles of the non-interlocking type in which the butts must be held down by fasteners.

The preferred form of shingle illustrated in Fig. 1 comprises ay rectangular head portion l0 and a shank portion H The head is defined by parallel vertical side edges i2`l 2, and horizontal top edge i3 and bottom edges Ii-UL The shank is defined by vertical side edges l 5-I 5 and i6-| 6, all of the same height, connected together by inclinedv edges i'i-!l, and it has a straight bottom or butt edgeV i8. The lower end of the edges i5 forni corners I9 with the adjoining edges, which in this form arethe edges Il. These corners le serve as guides for laying the shingles to effect double-coverage, as will hereinafter be described.

The two edges It of the head portion are each equal in length to one-half the length ofthe butt edge i8 of the shank portion. The overall height` c of the shingle is equal to twice the height a of the shank portion plus the amount of headlap b, which latter is the minimum permissable safe headlap Awhen the shingles are laid for single coverage. The distance b in the preferred form of my shingle is two inches. In other words the total height of the shingle is c=2al-b. The height d of the edges l5 and i6 is dened by the formula dta-Vac, while the height c of the inclined edge Il, measured vertically, is defined by the formula @2a-2d.

The overal dimensions of the preferredform of the shingle' are 24" by 24, the height of the head portion being 13 and the height ofthe shank being l1". With shingles of these dimensions and form, the total area of material per shingle is 444 square inches. When theshingles are laid as in Fig. 4' to effect single coverage thev number' of shingles required per square is about 54, andthe amount of material necessary to cover a square is about 1691/2 square feet. When the shingles are laid to eect double coverage, as in Fig. 5, the number of shingles applied per square is 75, and the amount of material required to cover a square is about 2311/4 square feet. AsV will appear from these figures my improvedshingle is extremely economical in the amount of material used to make the shingle and also to cover a square of roof surface when laid for either single or double coverage.

The shingles may be cut across the width of a sheet or web roong material 20 without any waste in the manner shown in Fig. 3 of the drawings. Two rows or courses of shingles, each shingle having an overall height of 24 may be so cut from a sheet or web of 37 width. In any case the width of web required to cut two rows of shingles without waste regardless of the specie dimensions of the shingles may be obtained from the following formula: ac=3a+2b, where a: indicates the width of the web and a and b indicate the dimensions hereinabove described.

When the shingles are laid, either for single or double coverage, the side edges I2 of adjacent shingles of each course contact each other, with the upper edges I3 of said shingles in horizontal alinement, and thus the shingles are self-alining. In laying to effect single coverage, as in Fig. 4, the butt edge I8 of each overlying shingle is laid to register with the edges I4--I4 of the two adjacent shingles of the underlying course, and accordingly it will be seen that the edges I4 provide guides for easily and properly applying the shingles to form a roof of single-coverage. In laying the shingles for double-coverage, as in Fig. 5, the butt I8 of each overlying shingle lines up with the corners I9 of the two adjacent 4 shingles of the underlying course, thus said corners provide guides for properly applying the shingles to effect double-coverage.

The shingles may be secured by clinchers or fasteners such as described in my patent No. 2,570,626 of October 9, 1951, although other suitable form of fasteners may be used. As shown in Fig. 6, the lower` shank or nail portion 2I of each fastener is driven through the underlying shingle or shingles in position that its upper shank or clincher portion 22 can penetrate through and be bent down upon a corner of the i butt of the overlying shingle. On referring to Figs. 4 and 5 it will be seen that two clinchers 22 are used for each shingle, one in each corner of the butt. 1n the case of shingles laid for singlecoverage, when so fastened each shingle will be held at four points, and when laid for doublecoverage each shingle will be held at six points. This arises from the fact that the fasteners, as applied, secure not only the upper shingle but also the lower ones through which the nail portions of the fasteners are driven.

The modified form of shingle shown in Fig. 2 has the same relationship and proportions of parts as the preferred form previously described, and it is applied to a roof in the same manner to effect either single or double coverage. The modified form differs only in that the shank portion II has vertical side edge portions 23 instead of inclined edges I'I, the edge portions 23 being connected to the edges I5 and I6, respectively, by horizontal edges 24 and 25 of equal lengths. In this form the lower end of edges I5 form corners I9 with the adjoining edges 24, which corners provide guides for the double-coverage application of the shingles in the same manner as described in connection with the form of shingle shown in Fig. 1.

What I claim is:

1. A self-aligning shingle of the non-interlocking type, adapted to be laid in courses with other like shingles to effect single or double-coverage, said shingle comprising a rectangular head having parallel vertical sides and horizontal top and bottom edges, and a shank extending downward from the bottom of the head and spaced inward from each side thereof a distance equal to onehalf the length of the lower end or butt of the shank, said shank having upper and lower vertical side portions of equal height connected by intermediate side portions, the overall height of the shingle being equal to twice the height of the shank plus the vertical extent that the head is to be lapped by an overlying shingle for single.- coverage. i iii 2. A self-aligning shingle of the non-interlocking type, adapted to be laid in courses with other like shingles to effect single or double-coverage, said shingle comprising a rectangular head having parallel vertical sides and horizontal top and bottom edges, and a shank extending downward from the bottom of the head and spaced inward from each side thereof a distance equal to one-half the length of the lower end or butt of the shank, said shank having upper and lower vertical side portions of equal height connected by downwardly converging side portions, the overall height of the shingle being equal to twice the height of the shank plus the vertical extent that the head is to be lapped by an overlying shingle for single-coverage.

3. A self-aligning shingle of the non-interlocking type, adapted to be laid with other like shingles to effect single or double-coverage, said shingle comprising a rectangular head having parallel vertical sides and horizontal top and bottom edges, a shank extending downward from the bottom of the head and spaced inward from each side thereof a distance equal to one-half the length of the lower end or butt of the shank, said shank having upper and lower vertical side portions of equal height, intermediate vertical side portions spaced equally from said vertical portions and connected therewith by horizontal edges, the overall height of the shingle being equal to twice the height of the shank plus the vertical extent that the head is to be lapped by an overlying shingle for single-coverage.

4. A shingle as in claim l, wherein the portions of the bottom edge of the head that extend outward horizontally beyond the sides of the shank provide guides for positioning the lower end or butt of overlying shingles to effect single-coverage when the shingle is laid in courses with like shingles.

5. A shingle as in claim 1, wherein the corners at the lower ends of the upper vertical side edges of the shank provide guides for positioning the lower end or butt of overlying shingles to effect double-coverage when the shingle is laid in courses with like shingle.

HERBERT ABRAHAM.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,691,343 French Nov. 13, 1928 2,266,376 Miller Dec. 16, 1941 

